Physics of Sailing :: physics sail boat sailing boating

A ride floating can be greatly appreciated, especially if you are in the boat at the time. except what keeps a boat from sinking? Physics can explain these concepts. There are many forces that act on a sailing ship to draw up it in motion, but the buoyant force is what is required to keep the boat from sinking. A buoyant force is the normal force that pushes up on the boat supporting its weight in a fluid. The buoyant force equals the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.(pg.427, Serway and Jewett) This concept is Archimedes Principle.The pressure on an object in a fluid varies with the depth of that part of the object in the fluid.B=(P b P t)A = ( fluidgh)A = fluidgVB=Buoyant forceP b=pressure at bottomP t=pressure at topA=area of bottom face fluid=fluid densityg= gravitational attractionh= heightV=volume of fluid displaced by object(formula from pg. 428, Serway and Jewett)The fraction of the volume of a floating object that is infra the fluid advance is equal to the ratio of the density of the object to that of the fluid.(p.429, Serway and Jewett)V fluid/Vobj = obj/ fluidVobj=volume of the object obj=density of the objectBuoyancy of the craft is created by the physical body of the hull, but also with buoyant materials in specific places. Air tanks, buoyancy bags, and polystyrene blocks are all used to add buoyancy to a boat.The figure below shows how the buoyant material should be distributed and the effects if it is not.figure from The Handbook of SailingThe distrubution of buoyancy is key to having the boat float properly.Bernoullis principle is that the air moving previous(prenominal) a foil, an object that has one curved side and one categoric side, will take longer to move past the curved side than the flat side of the foil. This will baffle the flat side to have higher air pressure and to exert a force on the object. The force cause a planes wing to lift and a sail to push a boat. With the wind pushing on one side of the sails and th e water pushing on the other side of the centerboard, the boat moves forward. (p. 35, Dellenbaugh)The angle at which sailing is important. A 45 degree angle to the wind is the most effective angle. Wind is what propels a sailing ship so weather has a large impact on the craft. Certain weather conditions are not suitable for sailing or specific crafts.

The Washington Monument Essay -- Architecture Monuments Construction E

The Washington Monument The Washington Monument, a memorial social organisation designed and constructed in the nineteenth century, signifies an important tribute to the prestigious role and achievements of our nations founding father. Ideas for such a monument first arose in 1783, by which time the fame George Washington, Commanding General and first President of the United States, was assured in the pantheon of statesmen of the world (1). It was during this year that the Continental Congress proposed an equestrian statue in honor of Washingtons services and his unique role in the founding of the new Republic (1). Despite the projects popularity with the public, however, little carry out was taken following the suggestion until after the former presidents death in late 1799 and, even then, debate ensued as to the design and methods of funding. When expression finally began fifty years later, more negotiations developed within a wide range of aspects. Eng ineers argued over site location and an adequate foundation. Finances waned collect to non-congressional funding, the nationwide Panic of 1837, and a general loss of faith in the projects organizational capability. The sole supplier of marble struggled to meet the panoptic demands of material needed in the latter part of construction. Political opposition (by the Know-Nothing Party) to the acceptance of foreign aid in funding the project led to composition events (namely, theft and seizure) that slowed progress for several years. And the Civil War resulted in the halt of construction altogether, creating two separate building phases as the country dealt with internal turmoil. more than important than the variety of obstacles these issues pr... ...ew York City. On each side of the capstone, the official record for the construction of the monument was engraved. The west face of the capstone read, Corner Stone located on bed of foundation, July 4, 1848. First stone at height of 152 feet laid August 7, 1880. Capstone set December 6, 1884 and the east face read LAUS DEO (Ch. 5). two the north and south faces of the stone named the commission members and the key men involved in the completion of the Washington Monument. In conclusion, the lengthy process involved in constructing the Washington Monument was one that, despite its difficulties and setbacks, has achieved the projects initial goal the impressive structure stands in the Nations Capital as a memorial worthy of the memory of George Washington.Works Cited1) http//www.nps.gov/wamo/history2.) http//tourofdc.org

Liberty Cabbage: Culture and Propaganda Essay -- Media Government Pape

shore leave crimp Culture and PropagandaI happened to live in two countries with opposite political regimes socialism in the USSR and majority rule in the USA. I was growing up in the USSR, usually finding myself obedient to the will of the ruling Communist Party, sincerely thinking (as well as many people of my age) that my pastoral has the most compassionate regime in the whole world. When I got older and the Iron Curtain fell, the unadorned receivedity confronted me the Soviet Union was not a peace-loving elective country but a totalitarian regime with a explicit goal of replicating itself all oer the world in short, a monster in sheeps clothing. What made me believe back then that my former country had such a sodding(a) regime? A one-word answer is propaganda. The Soviet political sympathies skillfully manipulated ethnical values of the Russian people to create an illusion that we live in the country of our dreams. The bravest of us allowed ourselves to have another opin ion. They listened to Radio Liberty and dreamed of living in the United States (although nobody expected the Soviet regime to fall). What is it like, we wondered, to live in a country where the government does not be given deliberate lies to its own people distorting cultural traditions and history? I dreamed about living in the United States because it was our guiding light to a real democracy. However, as it seems now, the government of the United States, just like the Communist Party in the USSR, plays on cultural values of its people to make them agree to the order of business of the dominant political and social structures. The majority of American people would argue that they are absolutely self-reliant in their opinions, that the United States is a leading participatory country in th... ...oam. Interview. Redeye Collective. By Chris Spannos. 24 May 2002. Filatov, S. Thrown Out on the Street. Pravda 10 Dec. 1979 5.Grigoriev, Oleg. A Bird In a Cage. fear Petersburg Ivan Limbach, 1997Hunt, Michael H. Ideology and U.S. Foreign Policy. Yale Yale UP, 1987.Nunberg, Geoff. The language wars. Fresh Air. NPR. WHYY. Philadelphia. 23 Apr. 2003. Operation Iraqi Freedom. The White House. 21 Apr. 2003. Parenti, Michael. Methods of Media Manipulation. The humanitarian 57 (1997) 5-7. ISU Expanded Academic ASAP. 22 Apr. 2003. Schabner, Dean. ultraconservative Backlash. ABCNews.com. 12 March 2003. 22 Apr. 2003. Liberty Cabbage Culture and Propaganda Essay -- Media Government PapeLiberty Cabbage Culture and PropagandaI happened to live in two countries with opposite political regimes socialism in the USSR and democracy in the USA. I was growing up in the USSR, usually finding myself obedient to the will of the ruling Communist Party, sincerely thinking (as well as many people of my age) that my country has the most humane regime in the whole world. When I got older and the Iron Curtain fell, the unadorned reality confronted me the Soviet Union was not a peace-loving democratic country but a totalitarian regime with a explicit goal of replicating itself all over the world in short, a monster in sheeps clothing. What made me believe back then that my former country had such a perfect regime? A one-word answer is propaganda. The Soviet government skillfully manipulated cultural values of the Russian people to create an illusion that we live in the country of our dreams. The bravest of us allowed ourselves to have another opinion. They listened to Radio Liberty and dreamed of living in the United States (although nobody expected the Soviet regime to fall). What is it like, we wondered, to live in a country where the government does not feed deliberate lies to its own people distorting cultural traditions and history? I dreamed about living in the United States because it was our guiding light to a real democracy. However, as it seems now, the government of the United States, just like the Communist Party in the USSR, plays on cu ltural values of its people to make them agree to the agenda of the dominant political and social structures. The majority of American people would argue that they are absolutely independent in their opinions, that the United States is a leading democratic country in th... ...oam. Interview. Redeye Collective. By Chris Spannos. 24 May 2002. Filatov, S. Thrown Out on the Street. Pravda 10 Dec. 1979 5.Grigoriev, Oleg. A Bird In a Cage. Saint Petersburg Ivan Limbach, 1997Hunt, Michael H. Ideology and U.S. Foreign Policy. Yale Yale UP, 1987.Nunberg, Geoff. The language wars. Fresh Air. NPR. WHYY. Philadelphia. 23 Apr. 2003. Operation Iraqi Freedom. The White House. 21 Apr. 2003. Parenti, Michael. Methods of Media Manipulation. The Humanist 57 (1997) 5-7. ISU Expanded Academic ASAP. 22 Apr. 2003. Schabner, Dean. Conservative Backlash. ABCNews.com. 12 March 2003. 22 Apr. 2003.